27 results
THE IAEA FORENSICS PROGRAM: RESULTS OF THE AMS 14C INTERCOMPARISON EXERCISE ON CONTEMPORARY WINES AND COFFEES
- G Quarta, I Hajdas, M Molnár, T Varga, L Calcagnile, M D’Elia, A Molnar, J F Dias, A J T Jull
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- Journal:
- Radiocarbon / Volume 64 / Issue 6 / December 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 April 2022, pp. 1513-1524
- Print publication:
- December 2022
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In the frame of the IAEA-CRP (Coordinated Research Projects): Enhancing Nuclear Analytical Techniques to Meet the Needs of Forensic Sciences, an intercomparison exercise was organized between three AMS laboratories. Aim of the program is to promote the use of nuclear and accelerator-based techniques in routine forensics practice. In this view, one of the key points is the assessment of the precision and accuracy levels achievable on material of forensic interest. We review the general structure and status of the project, with emphasis on results obtained in the analysis of wines of different grape varieties and grounded coffee beans from different locations such as Brazil, Spain, and Italy. The three laboratories processed the samples according to different chemical protocols and performed the 14C measurements using different systems: MICADAS in Zurich and Debrecen and a HVEE 4130HC 3 MV Tandetron in Lecce. Within the quoted uncertainty, the results showed good reproducibility, indicating that uncertainty level of the order of 0.3% are achieved by AMS on a single sample while multiple sample analyses results in precision down to 0.1–0.2%. The measured 14C concentrations on coffee and wine samples resulted to be consistent with atmospheric 14C levels in the growing years.
Validation of maternal recall on exclusive breastfeeding 12 months after childbirth
- BC Schneider, BO Cata-Preta, DD Gräf, DLR Silva, FS Santos, MS Dias, P Lautenschläger, P Weber, U Reyes Matos, T Martins-Silva, AJD Barros, FC Barros, A Matijasevich, IS Santos
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 23 / Issue 14 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 May 2020, pp. 2494-2500
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Objective:
We aimed to assess the validity of maternal recall of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 3 months obtained 12 months after childbirth.
Design:A population-based birth cohort study. The gold standard is maternal report of EBF at the age of 3 months (yes or no) and age of introduction of other foods in the infant’s diet. EBF was considered when the mother reported that no liquid, semi-solid or solid food was introduced up to that moment. The variable to be validated was obtained at 12 months after childbirth when the mother was asked about the age of food introduction. The prevalence of EBF at 3 months, and sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy of 12-month recall with 95 % CI were calculated.
Setting:Pelotas, Brazil.
Participants:3700 mothers of participants of the Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort.
Results:The prevalence of EBF at 3 months was 27·8 % (95 % CI 26·4, 29·3) and 49·0 % (95 % CI 47·4, 50·6) according to gold standard and maternal recall, respectively. The sensitivity of maternal recall at 12 months was 98·3 % (95 % CI 97·4, 99·0), specificity 70·0 % (95 % CI 68·2, 71·7), PPV 55·8 % (95 % CI 53·4, 58·1), NPV 99·1 % (95 % CI 98·6, 99·5) and accuracy 77·9 % (95 % CI 76·6, 79·2). When the analyses were stratified by maternal and infant characteristics, the sensitivity remained around 98 %, and the specificity ranged from 64·4 to 81·8 %.
Conclusions:EBF recalled at the end of the first year of infant’s life is a valid measure to be used in epidemiological investigations.
Skin surface temperature of the mammary gland, measured by infrared thermography, in primiparous Girolando cows fed diets containing different lipid sources
- Alysson M. Wanderley, Luís C. V. Ítavo, Geraldo T. dos Santos, Camila C. B. F. Ítavo, Alexandre M. Dias, Rodrigo G. Mateus, Luiz C. Pereira, Ariadne B. Gonçalves, Endyara S. Kohl, Celso R. C. Lima
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- Journal:
- Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 87 / Issue 2 / May 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 May 2020, pp. 191-195
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- May 2020
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This research communication describes the influence of diet, mammary quarter position and milking process on the temperature of teats and udder of cows fed diets containing different lipid sources. Five primiparous cows were fed diets containing cottonseed, sunflower seed, soybeans or soybean oil as a source of lipids and a reference diet without the inclusion of lipid sources in a 5 × 5 Latin Square design. Milk yield was determined in the last five days of each period. Milk samples were collected for SCC analysis on the last two days of each experimental period. The images of the mammary gland were obtained using an infrared camera and were analyzed with appropriate computer software. Milk yield was 14.8% higher for cows fed soybeans as a source of lipids. Diets and somatic cell counts did not influence the temperature of teats and udder. The milking process reduced the temperature of teats and udder by 0.79°C. Rear teats and rear quarters had higher surface temperatures than front teats and fore quarters. Changes in temperature of teats and mammary quarters occurred as a function of the milking process and quarter position. However, the diet and the SCC did not influence the temperature of teats and mammary quarters in this experiment.
Health services and the treatment of immigrants: data on service use, interpreting services and immigrant staff members in services across Europe
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U. Kluge, M. Bogic, W. Devillé, T. Greacen, M. Dauvrin, S. Dias, A. Gaddini, N. Koitzsch Jensen, E. Ioannidi-Kapolou, R. Mertaniemi, R. Puipcinós i Riera, S. Sandhu, A. Sarvary, J.J.F. Soares, M. Stankunas, C. Straßmayr, M. Welbel, A. Heinz, S. Priebe,
On behalf of the EUGATE- study group -
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 27 / Issue S2 / June 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, pp. S56-S62
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Background
The number of immigrants using health services has increased across Europe. For assessing and improving the quality of care provided for immigrants, information is required on how many immigrants use services, what interpreting services are provided and whether staff members are from immigrant groups.
MethodsStructured interviews were conducted with 15 health services (9 primary care, 3 emergency departments, 3 mental health) located in areas with high immigrant populations in each of 16 European countries (n = 240). Responses were collected on the availability of data on service use by immigrant patients, the provision of interpreting services and immigrant staff members.
ResultsData on service use by immigrants were recorded by only 15% of services. More than 40% of services did not provide any form of interpreting service and 54% of the services reported having no immigrant staff. Mental health services were more likely to use direct interpreting services, and both mental health and emergency services were more likely to have immigrant staff members.
DiscussionFor assessing and improving the quality of care provided for immigrants, there is a need to improve the availability of data on service use by immigrants in health services throughout Europe and to provide more consistent access to interpreting services.
Pre-surgical Psychiatric Evaluation in Morbid Obesity - a Review
- L. Silva, J. Carvalho, D. Freitas, R. Ribeiro, T. Dias, C. Pinto, M. Silva, S. Azenha
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Morbid obesity is a serious public health problem due to its increasing prevalence, increased morbidity and mortality and medical and psychological consequence. Obesity has a multifactorial etiology that includes genetic, environmental, dietary, cultural and psychosocial factors.
The surgical treatment of obesity has been consistently shown to be effective in long-term marked weight loss and in bringing significant improvement to medical comorbidities. Surgery is indicated in patients with BMI greater than 35 kg/m2 with severe obesity-related comorbidity and for those with BMI greater than 40 kg/m2 with or without comorbidity. Surgery candidates should be selected and evaluated in order to achieve optimal outcomes.
Psychological factors are thought to play an important role for maintaining the surgical weight loss. The findings suggest that pre-surgical cognitive function, personality, state of mental health, psychological variables and binge eating may predict post-surgical weight loss to the extent that these factors influence post-operative eating behaviour.
The high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in surgery candidates is gaining more attention than before. Studies show that around 40% of all bariatric surgery patients have at least one psychiatric diagnosis. Depressive, anxiety, and binge eating disorders are the most common diagnoses and should be treated before surgery. The most common psychiatric conditions contraindicated to surgery are active psychosis, current substance abuse, heavy drinking, and multiple suicide attempts or a suicide attempt within the previous year.
We made a review of literature on psychological predictors of surgical weight loss in order to clarify the role of pre-surgical psychiatric evaluation.
The Independence Between Awareness and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease
- M. Dourado, M.F.B. Sousa, R.L. Santos, P. Simões, T. Belfort, M. Nogueira, R. Dias, B. Torres, M.A.T. Baptista, I.B. Lacerda
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Objectives
This study investigates the factors associated with the impairment of awareness in mild dementia.
MethodsUsing a longitudinal design, 69 people with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), and their family caregivers were interviewed and reassessed after one year. The dyads completed the Assessment Scale of Psychosocial Impact of the Diagnosis of Dementia (ASPIDD), the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Scale (QoL-AD), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale, the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), the Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (PFAQ), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Univariate and ordinal regression analyses were conducted to examine the contribution of the various factors.
ResultsThe level of awareness of disease presented a significant difference (p<0.001) between baseline and after one year. After one year, there was no change in the level of awareness of disease in 61.8%, whereas 25.4% worsened. However, the level of awareness improved in 12.3%. At baseline, ordinal regression showed that impaired awareness was associated with cognitive function (p<0.05) and ADL (p<0.001). After one year, the predictors of impaired awareness were ADL (p<0.001), low levels of PwD QoL-AD reported by caregivers (p<0.05) and higher levels of caregivers’ formal education (p<0.05).
ConclusionsAt least in the earlier stages of dementia, it should not be assumed that awareness will inevitably decrease as dementia progresses. The results confirmed that awareness and cognition are relatively independent, and showed that in mild PwD awareness is mainly manifested by poor recognition of changes in ADLs.
The Role of Non-cognitive Factors in the Ratings of People with Dementia and Caregivers’ Quality of Life
- M. Dourado, M.F.B. Sousa, R.L. Santos, T. Belfort, M. Nogueira, R. Dias, B. Torres, M.A.T. Baptista, I.B. Lacerda
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Objectives
This study aimed to 1) determine changes over time in PwD and caregiver ratings of PwD QoL 2) to identify the factors associated with any changes in QoLratings and 3) to identify any discrepancies between PwD and caregiver ratings of PwD QoL.
MethodsUsing a longitudinal design, we investigated QoL of 69 people with mild Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers. We examined the influence of awareness of disease, cognitive status, mood, functionality, neuropsychiatric symptoms and burden. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine the contribution of the various co-factors.
ResultsAt baseline, we observed that caregivers’s QoL was associated to PwD QoL (t= 3.557, p< 0.001) and mood (t = −3.673, p < 0.001). PwD QoL was associated to caregivers’s QoL (t= 5.087, p<0.001). After one year, caregiver’s QoL was associated to awareness of disease (t=-2.196, p< 0.05) and PwD mood (t=-2.242, p< 0.05) and QoL (t=3.696, p<0.001). PwD QoL was associated to caregivers’ QoL (t=4.596, p<0.001).
ConclusionsIn mild dementia, the cognitive impairment and functionality were not the primary factors that accounted in PwD and family caregivers’ ratings of QoL. Our findings suggested that there was an association between PwD and caregivers’ QoL over time. In addition, non-cognitive factors, such as awareness of disease and mood played an important role in PwD and caregivers’ QoL ratings.
Does Europe need foreign psychiatrists? Recruitment trend in Europe
- H. Ryland, T. Gomez Alemany, Z. Azvee, F. Baessler, M. Casanova Dias, A. Kanellopoulos, M. Pinto da Costa, E. Sonmez
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. 914-915
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Introduction
Recruitment in to psychiatry is a long-standing concern in many countries, with low proportions of medical graduates choosing it as a specialty and ongoing stigma from within the medical profession. In other countries, the reverse problem is the case, with too many doctors wishing to enter psychiatry and insufficient training places available.
ObjectivesTo understand the current situation within Europe with regards to recruitment in to psychiatry and to identify existing initiatives designed to boost recruitment.
MethodsThe European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees conducts an annual survey of all member organizations. This is purposive sampling via an online, semi-structured survey, which is completed by country representatives. The survey asks respondents to identify if their country has a problem with recruitment and if so whether there were too many or too few applicants for training places. Those countries identifying recruitment initiatives were asked to provide further details.
ResultsData will be presented from the past three years (2014–2016). Around half of all countries have stated that recruitment is a concern in the EFPT country survey. Many report that the number of new psychiatrists is too low and vacancies are not being filled. A small number reported that the number of new psychiatrists is too high and there are not enough vacancies. Of those countries reporting problems with recruitment around half describe initiatives to improve recruitment, which include financial incentives, careers fairs, mentoring schemes and a whole host of other projects.
ConclusionsRecruitment in to psychiatry remains a serious problem in many European countries, but there are a wide range of initiatives, which aim to combat this shortfall.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Spatiotemporal distribution of a non-haematophagous bat community and rabies virus circulation: a proposal for urban rabies surveillance in Brazil
- R. A. Dias, F. Rocha, F. M. Ulloa-Stanojlovic, A. Nitsche, C. Castagna, T. de Lucca, R. C. A. Rodrigues
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 147 / 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 March 2019, e130
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In Brazil, rabies surveillance is based on monitoring domestic and wild animals, although the most prevalent lineage of the rabies virus (RABV) currently diagnosed in Brazil is associated with bats, particularly non-haematophagous bats. Disease control is based on the mass vaccination of dogs and cats. We used data collected by the passive surveillance system of the city of Campinas from 2011 to 2015, to describe the temporal and geographic distributions of the bat specimens and RABV and discuss the current rabies surveillance with the advent of the declaration of canine and feline rabies-free areas in Brazil. We described the species, locations and health statuses of the collected bat specimens. Moreover, all samples were submitted for RABV diagnosis. Then, we performed a time series decomposition for each bat family. Additionally, we determined the spatiotemporal relative risk for RABV infection using the ratio of the kernel-smoothed estimates of spatiotemporal densities of RABV-positive and RABV-negative bats. From the 2537 bat specimens, the most numerous family was Molossidae (72%), followed by Vespertilionidae (14%) and Phyllostomidae (13%). The bat families behaved differently in terms of seasonal and spatial patterns. The distribution of bats varied geographically in the urban environment, with Molossidae and Phyllostomidae being observed downtown and Vespertilionidae being observed in peripheral zones. Concurrently, a significant relative risk of RABV infection was observed downtown for Vespertilionidae and in peripheral zones for Molossidae. No RABV-positive sample clusters were observed. As a result of the official declaration of RABV-free areas in southern Brazil, mass dog and cat vaccinations are expected to halt in the near future. This stoppage would make most dog and cat populations susceptible to other RABV lineages, such as those maintained by non-haematophagous bats. In this scenario, all information available on bats and RABV distribution in urban areas is essential. Currently, few studies have been conducted. Some local health authorities, such as that in Campinas, are spontaneously basing their surveillance efforts on bat rabies, which is the alternative in reality scenario of increased susceptibility to bat-associated RABV that is developing in Brazil.
Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and Escherichia albertii in Brazil: pathotypes and serotypes over a 6-year period of surveillance
- E. L. Ori, E. H. Takagi, T. S. Andrade, B. T. Miguel, M. C. Cergole-Novella, B. E. C. Guth, R. T. Hernandes, R. C. B. Dias, S. R. S. Pinheiro, C. H. Camargo, E. C. Romero, L. F. Dos Santos
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- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 147 / 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 September 2018, e10
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Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a leading cause of infectious diarrhoea worldwide. In recent years, Escherichia albertii has also been implicated as a cause of human enteric diseases. This study describes the occurrence of E. coli pathotypes and serotypes associated with enteric illness and haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) isolated in Brazil from 2011 to 2016. Pathotypes isolated included enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). PCR of stool enrichments for DEC pathotypes was employed, and E. albertii was also sought. O:H serotyping was performed on all DEC isolates. A total of 683 DEC and 10 E. albertii strains were isolated from 5047 clinical samples. The frequencies of DEC pathotypes were 52.6% (359/683) for EPEC, 32.5% for EAEC, 6.3% for ETEC, 4.4% for EIEC and 4.2% for STEC. DEC strains occurred in patients from 3 months to 96 years old, but EPEC, EAEC and STEC were most prevalent among children. Both typical and atypical isolates of EPEC and EAEC were recovered and presented great serotype heterogeneity. HUS cases were only associated with STEC serotype O157:H7. Two E. albertii isolates belonged to serogroup O113 and one had the stx2f gene. The higher prevalence of atypical EPEC in relation to EAEC in community-acquired diarrhoea in Brazil suggests a shift in the trend of DEC pathotypes circulation as previously EAEC predominated. This is the first report of E. albertii isolation from active surveillance. These results highlight the need of continuing DEC and E. albertii surveillance, as a mean to detect changes in the pattern of pathotypes and serotypes circulation and provide useful information for intervention and control strategies.
High-through identification of T cell-specific phage-exposed mimotopes using PBMCs from tegumentary leishmaniasis patients and their use as vaccine candidates against Leishmania amazonensis infection
- Gerusa B. Carvalho, Lourena E. Costa, Daniela P. Lage, Fernanda F. Ramos, Thaís T. O. Santos, Patrícia A. F. Ribeiro, Daniel S. Dias, Beatriz C. S. Salles, Mariana P. Lima, Lívia M. Carvalho, Ana C. S. Dias, Patrícia T. Alves, Michelle L. Franklin, Renata A. M. Silva, Mariana C. Duarte, Daniel Menezes-Souza, Bruno M. Roatt, Miguel A. Chávez-Fumagalli, Luiz Ricardo Goulart, Antonio L. Teixeira, Eduardo A. F. Coelho
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- Parasitology / Volume 146 / Issue 3 / March 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 September 2018, pp. 322-332
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In the current study, phage-exposed mimotopes as targets against tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) were selected by means of bio-panning cycles employing sera of TL patients and healthy subjects, besides the immune stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from untreated and treated TL patients and healthy subjects. The clones were evaluated regarding their specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in the in vitro cultures, and selectivity and specificity values were calculated, and those presenting the best results were selected for the in vivo experiments. Two clones, namely A4 and A8, were identified and used in immunization protocols from BALB/c mice to protect against Leishmania amazonensis infection. Results showed a polarized Th1 response generated after vaccination, being based on significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); which were associated with lower production of specific IL-4, IL-10 and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies. Vaccinated mice presented significant reductions in the parasite load in the infected tissue and distinct organs, when compared with controls. In conclusion, we presented a strategy to identify new mimotopes able to induce Th1 response in PBMCs from TL patients and healthy subjects, and that were successfully used to protect against L. amazonensis infection.
Effect of dietary lysine on performance and expression of electron transport chain genes in the pectoralis major muscle of broilers
- C. O. Brito, J. L. L. Dutra, T. N. Dias, L. T. Barbosa, C. S. Nascimento, A. P. G. Pinto, L. F. T. Albino, R. P. M. Fernandes, M. S. Macário, J. S. Melo
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary lysine on performance, protein deposition and respiratory chain gene expression in male broilers. A total of 252 Cobb 500 broilers were distributed, in a completely randomized design, into four treatments with seven replicates of nine birds per experimental unit. Experimental treatments consisted of diets based on corn and soybean meal, with four levels of digestible lysine: 1.016%, 1.099%, 1.182% and 1.265%. The increase in the level of digestible lysine in the diet provided higher weight gains, feed efficiency and body protein deposition. Birds fed the lowest level of dietary lysine (1.016%) showed a lower expression of genes such as NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (ND1), cytochrome b (CYTB) and cytochrome c oxidase subunits I (COX I), II (COX II) and III (COX III), displaying the worst performance and body protein deposition. This demonstrates the relationship existing between the expression of the evaluated genes and the performance responses. In conclusion, results indicate that broilers fed diets with higher levels of digestible lysine have increased messenger RNA expression of some genes coded in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ND1, CYTB, COX I, COX II and COX III). It may be stated that diets with proper levels of digestible lysine, within the ‘ideal protein’ concept, promote the expression of genes, which increases the mitochondrial energy, thereby fostering body protein deposition and the performance of broilers in the starter phase.
F-16 Performance of a Room Temperature Gas Proportional Scintillation Counter in X-ray Analysis of Metallic Alloys Excited with Alpha Particles
- F. I. G. M. Borges, S. J. C. do Carmo, T. H. V. T. Dias, F. P. Santos, F. P. S. C. Gil, A. M. F. Trindade, R. M. Curado da Silva, C. A. N. Conde
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- Journal:
- Powder Diffraction / Volume 22 / Issue 2 / June 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 May 2016, p. 178
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Meal patterns across ten European countries – results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study
- E Huseinovic, A Winkvist, N Slimani, MK Park, H Freisling, H Boeing, G Buckland, L Schwingshackl, E Weiderpass, AL Rostgaard-Hansen, A Tjønneland, A Affret, MC Boutron-Ruault, G Fagherazzi, V Katzke, T Kühn, A Naska, P Orfanos, A Trichopoulou, V Pala, D Palli, F Ricceri, M Santucci de Magistris, R Tumino, D Engeset, T Enget, G Skeie, A Barricarte, CB Bonet, MD Chirlaque, P Amiano, JR Quirós, MJ Sánchez, JA Dias, I Drake, M Wennberg, JMA Boer, MC Ocké, WMM Verschuren, C Lassale, A Perez-Cornago, E Riboli, H Ward, H Bertéus Forslund
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 19 / Issue 15 / October 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 May 2016, pp. 2769-2780
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Objective
To characterize meal patterns across ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study.
DesignCross-sectional study utilizing dietary data collected through a standardized 24 h diet recall during 1995–2000. Eleven predefined intake occasions across a 24 h period were assessed during the interview. In the present descriptive report, meal patterns were analysed in terms of daily number of intake occasions, the proportion reporting each intake occasion and the energy contributions from each intake occasion.
SettingTwenty-seven centres across ten European countries.
SubjectsWomen (64 %) and men (36 %) aged 35–74 years (n 36 020).
ResultsPronounced differences in meal patterns emerged both across centres within the same country and across different countries, with a trend for fewer intake occasions per day in Mediterranean countries compared with central and northern Europe. Differences were also found for daily energy intake provided by lunch, with 38–43 % for women and 41–45 % for men within Mediterranean countries compared with 16–27 % for women and 20–26 % for men in central and northern European countries. Likewise, a south–north gradient was found for daily energy intake from snacks, with 13–20 % (women) and 10–17 % (men) in Mediterranean countries compared with 24–34 % (women) and 23–35 % (men) in central/northern Europe.
ConclusionsWe found distinct differences in meal patterns with marked diversity for intake frequency and lunch and snack consumption between Mediterranean and central/northern European countries. Monitoring of meal patterns across various cultures and populations could provide critical context to the research efforts to characterize relationships between dietary intake and health.
Acute effects on the thyroid gland after non-directed radiation therapy in children and adolescents
- C. C. Bonato, H. B. Dias, M. da S. Alves, L. O. Duarte, T. M. Dias, M. O. Dalenogare, C. C. B. Viegas, R. H. Elnecave
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- Journal:
- Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice / Volume 13 / Issue 3 / September 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2013, pp. 310-316
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Background
During radiation therapy, unwanted scatter to healthy tissues outside the target field may occur. Children and adolescents are more sensitive to radiation injury, and the thyroid gland is particularly susceptible to these effects.
PurposeTo assess acute changes in thyroid function and volume in children and adolescents undergoing radiotherapy for a variety of non-thyroid cancers.
Materials and MethodsThirty-one children and adolescents underwent radiation therapy of various body areas in which the thyroid was not included. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4), triiodothyronine (T3), anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies and thyroglobulin were measured before, on the last day and at 1 and 3 months after the end of radiotherapy. Ultrasound scans were taken and 6- and 24-hour 131I uptake was measured before and after treatment. The scattered dose to the thyroid region was estimated with a treatment planning system or measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters.
ResultsThe median radiation dose scattered to the thyroid was 296·6 cGy (IQR 16·7–1,709·0). Levels of TSH (p = 0·575), T4 (p = 0·950), fT4 (p = 0·510), T3 (p = 0·842), thyroglobulin (p = 0·620) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (p = 0·546) were statistically similar at all four time points. There were no differences between pre- and post-radiotherapy thyroid volume and 131I uptake (p = 0·692 and 0·92, respectively).
ConclusionMore sensitive methods may be required to ascertain whether acute injury to the follicular epithelium occurs with lower radiation doses scattered to the thyroid.
Identification of a new Schistosoma mansoni SMYB1 partner: putative roles in RNA metabolism
- ELIZÂNGELA A. ROCHA, ANALINA F. VALADÃO, CÍNTIA M. REZENDE, SILVIA REGINA COSTA DIAS, ANDRÉA M. MACEDO, CARLOS R. MACHADO, MARCELO R. FANTAPPIÉ, FRANKLIN D. RUMJANEK, ALFREDO M. GOES, DAWIDSON A. GOMES, PHILIP T. LOVERDE, MARCELA G. DRUMMOND, GLÓRIA R. FRANCO
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- Parasitology / Volume 140 / Issue 9 / August 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 May 2013, pp. 1085-1095
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SMYB1 is a Schistosoma mansoni protein highly similar to members of the Y-box binding protein family. Similar to other homologues, SMYB1 is able to bind double- and single-stranded DNA, as well as RNA molecules. The characterization of proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression in S. mansoni is of great importance for the understanding of molecular events that control morphological and physiological changes in this parasite. Here we demonstrate that SMYB1 is located in the cytoplasm of cells from different life-cycle stages of S. mansoni, suggesting that this protein is probably acting in mRNA metabolism in the cytoplasm and corroborating previous findings from our group that showed its ability to bind RNA. Protein–protein interactions are important events in all biological processes, since most proteins execute their functions through large supramolecular structures. Yeast two-hybrid screenings using SMYB1 as bait identified a partner in S. mansoni similar to the SmD3 protein of Drosophila melanogaster (SmRNP), which is important in the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes. Also, pull-down assays were conducted using immobilized GST-SMYB1 proteins and confirmed the SMYB1-SmRNP interaction. The interaction of SMYB1 with a protein involved in mRNA processing suggests that it may act in processes such as turnover, transport and stabilization of RNA molecules.
Calcium and phosphorus utilization in growing sheep supplemented with dicalcium phosphate
- R. S. DIAS, S. LÓPEZ, R. M. PATIÑO, T. S. SILVA, J. C. SILVA FILHO, D. M. S. S. VITTI, M. R. S. R. PEÇANHA, E. KEBREAB, J. FRANCE
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 151 / Issue 3 / June 2013
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- 21 August 2012, pp. 424-433
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The objective of the current study was to evaluate the utilization of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in growing sheep consuming increasing amounts of dicalcium phosphate. Eighteen growing sheep, aged 8 months, were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 12·5 and 25 g of dicalcium phosphate/day. During the experiment, animals were injected intravenously with 7·4 MBq of 45Ca and 32P and samples of plasma, faeces and urine were subsequently taken daily for 1 week after injection. Rumen fluid was sampled on days 4–7 after injection. Specific radioactivity in plasma and in faeces were used to determine true absorption of Ca and P, whereas plasmatic and ruminal specific radio-activities were used to determine endogenous P flow into the rumen and turnover time of rumen P. Increasing dicalcium phosphate intake led to linear increases in faecal excretion of endogenous Ca and P (P<0·05), suggesting that surpluses of ingested Ca and P were voided through secretion to the gut. True absorption coefficients for 0, 12·5 and 25 g of dicalcium phosphate ingested daily were 0·54, 0·41 and 0·38 for Ca, and 0·66, 0·62 and 0·64 for P, respectively. Flows of endogenous P into the rumen increased linearly and ruminal turnover time of P decreased linearly (P<0·01) as P intake was increased. Concentrations of Ca and P in bone were not affected by the increased amounts of these minerals ingested (P<0·05). In conclusion, increasing ingestion of dicalcium phosphate increases faecal excretion of Ca and P, thus decreasing the efficiency of utilization of both minerals. Moreover, increasing levels of dietary P increased endogenous P excretion, contributing to the amount of P disposed of in the environment.
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Variability monitoring of OB stars during the Mons campaign
- Thierry Morel, Gregor Rauw, Thomas Eversberg, Filipe Alves, Wolfgang Arnold, Thomas Bergmann, Nelson G. Correia Viegas, Rémi Fahed, Alberto Fernando, Luis F. Gouveia Carreira, Thomas Hunger, Johan H. Knapen, Robin Leadbeater, Filipe Marques Dias, Anthony F. J. Moffat, Norbert Reinecke, José Ribeiro, Nando Romeo, José Sánchez Gallego, Eva M. dos Santos, Lothar Schanne, Otmar Stahl, Barbara Stober, Berthold Stober, Klaus Vollmann, Mike F. Corcoran, Sean M. Dougherty, Kenji Hamaguchi, Julian M. Pittard, Andy M. T. Pollock, Peredur M. Williams
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 6 / Issue S272 / July 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 July 2011, pp. 414-415
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- July 2010
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We present preliminary results of a 4-month campaign carried out in the framework of the Mons project, where time-resolved Hα observations are used to study the wind and circumstellar properties of a number of OB stars.
Spectroscopic follow-up of the colliding-wind binary WR 140 during the 2009 January periastron passage
- Rémi Fahed, Anthony F. J. Moffat, Juan Zorec, Thomas Eversberg, André-Nicolas Chené, Filipe Alves, Wolfgang Arnold, Thomas Bergmann, Luis F. Gouveia Carreira, Filipe Marques Dias, Alberto Fernando, José Sánchez Gallego, Thomas Hunger, Johan H. Knapen, Robin Leadbeater, Thierry Morel, Grégor Rauw, Norbert Reinecke, José Ribeiro, Nando Romeo, Eva M. dos Santos, Lothar Schanne, Otmar Stahl, Barbara Stober, Berthold Stober, Nelson G. Correia Viegas, Klaus Vollmann, Michael F. Corcoran, Sean M. Dougherty, Julian M. Pittard, Andy M. T. Pollock, Peredur M. Williams
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 6 / Issue S272 / July 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 July 2011, pp. 501-502
- Print publication:
- July 2010
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We present the results from the spectroscopic follow-up of WR140 (WC7 + O4-5) during its last periastron passage in january 2009. This object is known as the archetype of colliding wind binaries and has a relatively large period (≃8 years) and eccentricity (≃0.89). We provide updated values for the orbital parameters, new estimates for the WR and O star masses and new constraints on the mass-loss rates.